August 17, 2006—Tuberculosis, a highly preventable and treatable disease, is killing hundreds of thousands with HIV despite HIV-positive TB patients’ adherence to antiretroviral treatment, according to experts at the 16th International AIDS Conference, held in Toronto from August 13 to August 18. To thwart the TB/HIV double threat, physicians have proposed tandem testing, management and treatment, often to little effect in the developing countries most affected.