Gum disease increases the risk of developing heart disease in men under the age of 60, according to a new study published in Circulation: The Journal of the American Heart Association. While the research focused on HIV-negative men, it has implications for HIV-positive individuals as well, many of whom face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to other factors.
Periodontitis is a serious dental infection that can destroy gum tissue and bone. It begins as the more benign and common tooth and gum disease known as gingivitis. Rates of gingivitis and periodontitis in people living with HIV range from 5 to 50 percent in various studies. Though researchers have suspected that periodontal disease may be associated with an increased risk for heart disease for some time, until now there have been no conclusive studies linking the two.
Thomas Dietrich, DMD, MD, MPH, of the Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, and his colleagues studied the medical records of 1,231 men enrolled in the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs’ Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS), which began enrolling in 1966.
A trained periodontist conducted thorough oral exams on the men once every three years and assigned a score based on the degree of bone loss on each tooth. The scores ranged from 0, where the men had no bone loss, to 5, where then men had lost 80 percent of the bone. The men also were screened regularly for all traditional heart disease risk factors, such as cholesterol, weight, and whether or not they smoked.
Dietrich’s team found that for each 20 percent increase in bone loss, the men’s heart disease risk increased by 39 percent. This was independent of all other risk factors, except for age. The association between periodontitis and heart disease was strongest for the youngest men and weakest for the oldest men, and the association diminished to below the level of statistical significance in men older than 60, meaning that any association could have occurred by chance.
Given that inflammation has been linked to heart disease, and that periodontitis causes considerable and chronic inflammation, it may be wise for younger men with other risk factors for heart disease to be checked regularly by a dental professional, and this is equally true for men living with HIV.
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comments 1 - 3 (of 3 total)
tony, new castle co, 2008-04-10 08:24:30
im in colorado thinking about moving to oklahoma soon and as far as i can tell from making calls they have no dental care programs for people living with hiv there. im very fortunate that i get my teeth cleaned every 3 months in colorado. medicade here provides this and my local hiv chapter covers what medicade want. i think its sad that oklahoma doesnt care for its hiv people like they should.
harry41, Austin, Texas, 2008-04-09 22:27:27
I have been HIV+ going into 25 years. I am 44, almost 45. I have had to have all my teeth pulled due to GERD(gastroentestinalrefluxdisease) It is no fun trying to eat healthy food such as salad with only 14 teeth left.
Fortunately, I live in a large city with an AIDS Dental clinic that is goig to give me partials.
I have lived through the 90s with AIDS and had almost evry deadly opportunistic infection.
Now the bad gums and teeth is a small inconveinience compared to the 90's
Greg Highfill, Modesto, CA, 2008-04-09 17:31:44
Both HIV & the meds are hard on the teeth. Mine were breaking, splitting and cracking, so I had them all pulled at 50, three years after a quad bypass. I began noticing med in the final stages of AIDS having their teeth out and figured I would go through that while in relatively good health. After the adjustments, I have no regrets.
Queenie
