Cambodia’s health officials are concerned that potential failure of its aggressive campaign to distribute condoms and provide sexual education to sex workers could cause new HIV infections to reach levels not seen in the country for more than a decade, Agence France-Presse reports.

A new anti-sex trafficking law passed in February—which cracks down on sex workers and forces them to leave condoms behind as they move from place to place—in addition to a lack of financial aid are to blame for the difficulties the country’s condom use program has encountered. “Enforcement of the anti-trafficking law harms the 100 percent condom use in brothels,” said Tia Phalla of Cambodia’s National AIDS Authority at a three-day national AIDS conference in Cambodia’s capital city of Phnom Penh.

Before its 100 percent condom use program began, Cambodia’s overall HIV rate was among the worst in Southeast Asia, peaking at 3.7 percent of the population in 1997. Rates among prostitutes were estimated at 40 percent. However, the emphasis on condom use and sex education has been credited for the drop to 0.9 percent in Cambodia’s overall HIV prevalence.